5G

5G is the latest technology for mobile telecommunications. On this page, we explain the concept of 5G, how the technology differs from previous generations, and how to access the full benefits of the UK’s modern networks.

What is 5G?

The fifth-generation network, known as 5G, is a massive leap forward from 4G. While it builds upon previous foundations, 5G is based on more efficient technology that offers significantly higher speeds, greater capacity, and lower latency.

Did you know? Latency describes the time between a click and an action. For example, when you ‘like’ a post on Instagram, there is a tiny delay before it registers. 5G has response times as low as a few milliseconds, compared to roughly 35–50 milliseconds on older 4G networks.

Today, all major providers in the UK have extensive 5G coverage, as do Virtual Providers (MVNOs). To connect, you simply need a 5G-compatible device and a plan that includes 5G access.

How does 5G differ from previous networks?

The primary differences are speed, capacity, and response times. 5G uses a wider range of radio frequencies. While 4G paved the way for the mobile internet we use today, it lacks the capacity for our modern data demands.

5G utilises higher frequency bands, including mid-band (3.4GHz) and the newer millimetre wave (mmWave) frequencies. This allows for more data to be transmitted at once, resulting in a more stable connection even in crowded places like stadiums or train stations.

5G also uses beamforming. Unlike 4G, which broadcasts signals in all directions, beamforming directs a data stream straight to your device. This makes the network much more efficient and reduces interference.

What does MIMO mean for 5G?

The high capacity of 5G is largely due to Massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output). This technology uses a high number of antennas at the base station to serve multiple users simultaneously without losing speed. It’s similar to how a high-end Wi-Fi router handles multiple devices in a home, but on a city-wide scale. This reduces ‘bottlenecks’ during peak hours.

Which provider has the best 5G network?

According to the latest 2025/2026 reports from Opensignal, EE consistently leads for 5G availability and network reliability across the UK. However, following their merger, Vodafone and Three often deliver the fastest average download speeds due to their combined spectrum. O2 has also seen significant improvements in 5G SA (Standalone) coverage in urban areas. Always check a provider’s coverage map for your specific postcode before switching.

How much faster is 5G compared to 4G?

On paper, 5G can be up to 20 times faster than 4G. While 4G has a theoretical limit of 1 Gbit/s, 5G can reach 20 Gbit/s.In real-world UK conditions in 2026, most users see average 5G speeds between 150 Mbps and 400 Mbps, whereas 4G typically hovers around 30–50 Mbps. The rollout of 5G SA (Standalone Access) has been the real game-changer, providing much more consistent performance than the early ‘Non-Standalone’ 5G networks.

What is 5G SA?

5G SA is “pure” 5G. It connects the 5G radio signal directly to a modern 5G core network, making it entirely independent of 4G infrastructure. This is what enables the ultra-low latency and high-speed ‘network slicing’ required for things like cloud gaming and autonomous vehicles. Most UK networks now offer 5G SA as standard in major towns and cities. This technology is the successor to the earlier 5G NSA (Non-Standalone Access) standard.

What is 5G NSA?

5G NSA was the “bridge” technology used during the initial 5G rollout. As the name suggests, it is not entirely independent; it uses the 5G radio signal but relies on the existing 4G core network (EPC) to function. While NSA allowed networks to expand 5G coverage rapidly across the UK, it cannot deliver the same level of performance as a Standalone network.

The advantages of 5G SA compared to 5G NSA

  • Higher upload and download speeds: True 5G infrastructure handles data more efficiently.
  • Improved network performance in crowded places: Better management of multiple simultaneous connections.
  • Enhanced end-to-end security: Modern 5G cores have more advanced encryption and security protocols.
  • More energy efficient: 5G SA hardware and software are designed to consume less power per bit of data.

What has happened to 3G and 2G?

The UK’s mobile landscape has modernised significantly in recent years. To free up “space” (spectrum) for 5G and future 6G trials, older networks have been retired:

  • 3G: As of early 2026, 3G has been completely switched off by all UK network operators. It is no longer possible to use 3G for data or calls.
  • 2G: Remains active as a basic fallback for voice calls and text messages, as well as for certain “smart meters” and legacy IoT devices. However, the UK Government and all operators have committed to a final shutdown of 2G by 2033.

Note: If you are still using a 3G-only device, you will no longer have data access and should upgrade to a 4G or 5G-compatible handset immediately to stay connected.

Will 4G also be phased out?

Not anytime soon. 4G remains the essential backbone of UK connectivity. Instead of being shut down, 4G is being modernised to work alongside 5G. It serves as a vital backup in rural areas and ensures that even if you lose your 5G signal, you still have a high-speed, reliable connection for everyday tasks.